Fractions are essential for performing accurate calculations in healthcare. A fraction represents a part of a whole and is expressed as a numerator (the part) over a denominator (the whole). Understanding fractions and their different forms—proper, improper, and mixed—helps you handle a variety of clinical scenarios with ease.
This section will explore the different forms of fractions and how to switch between them, making it easier to perform operations in different contexts. Additionally, we’ll cover arithmetic operations with fractions, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, all of which are critical for accurate medication calculations and other healthcare tasks.
A proper fraction is a fraction whose numerator is smaller than its denominator. For example:
An improper fraction is a fraction whose numerator is greater than its denominator. For example:
A mixed fraction or mixed number is a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction. For example:
Note: the shaded region in the circles representing from 'improper fractions' and are the same. In fact,
They are different ways of representing the same thing!
To switch from mixed to improper:
To switch from improper to mixed:
The improper fraction in mixed form is:
To add/subtract fractions:
**If they are not, this can be done by rewriting one/both of the fractions by multiplying both numerator and denominator by the same value. For example:
is the same as because
Note: For simplicity, we aim to multiply both fractions separately to ensure each denominator becomes the least common multiple (LCM) of the two original denominators.
Click on the titles below to view each example.
To multiply fractions:
Note: remember the rule "Top by top, Bottom by bottom".
To divide fractions:
Note: remember the rule "Keep, Change, Flip".