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Math: Basic Tutorials : Intravenous (IV) Administration

Intravenous (IV) Administration

Intravenous (IV) administration is a critical method for delivering fluids, medications, and nutrients directly into a client’s bloodstream, ensuring rapid absorption and immediate effects. IV therapy is commonly used for hydration, pain management, antibiotics, and emergency treatments.

This section covers how to calculate IV flow rates and drop factors, with step-by-step examples to help apply these concepts in real-world scenarios.

Intravenous Flow Rate

Fluids can be given to a client slowly, over a period of time, through a vein (intravenous). The rate at which these fluids flow (flow rate) into the client is important and must be controlled precisely.

The flow rate of an infusion is the volume of fluid that enters the client over a period of time. For example, 25 mL/ h and 15 gtt/ min are flow rates. The flow rate in relation to volume and time can be expressed as:

FlowRate=VolumeTime


The formula can be arranged to solve for the time and volume.

Time=VolumeFlowRate

Volume=FlowRate×Time


Click on the titles below to view each example.

Calculating using the Drop factor

Example 3 in the left column calculated the drip rate in drops per minute (gtt/min). A drop factor was used in the calculation from the label. The drop factor is the number of drops required to make up 1 mL.

A macrodrip is used for flow rates of 125 mL/h or more. Macrodrips can be used for large volumes of fluid to be infused and usually have drop factors of 10, 15, or 20 gtt/mL.

A microdrip is used for flow rates of 50 mL/h or less. A drop factor related to microdrips is 60 gtt/mL.

We can use the drop factor to calculate volume and duration of IV administration.

Volume(mL)Time(min)×Dropfactor(gtt/mL)=Driprate(gtt/min)

The equation can be rearranged to solve for volume and time.

Volume=DriprateDropfactor×Time

Time=Volume×DriprateDropfactor


Click on the titles below to view each example.